Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, tasteless and non-toxic inert gas. The liquid form of nitrogen is colourless. The relative density of the gas at 21.1°C and 101.3 kPa is 0.967. Nitrogen is not flammable. It can combine with some particularly active metals, such as lithium and magnesium, to form nitrides. Additionally, it can combine with hydrogen, oxygen and other elements at high temperatures. Nitrogen is a simple asphyxiant. It is used in large quantities in the chemical industry for blanketing, purging and pressure transfer of flammable chemicals. The semiconductor industry also uses high purity nitrogen in large quantities as a purge or carrier gas, as well as for blanketing equipment such as furnaces when not in production.
Nitrogen compounds are used in a wide range of applications. Nitrogen is produced in large quantities at air separation facilities, where air is liquefied and then distilled into nitrogen, oxygen, and typically argon. The majority of nitrogen manufactured by industry is distributed as a gas, while the remaining one-third is marketed as a liquid. Nitrogen is primarily used as an inert, secure atmosphere in situations where the presence of oxygen in the air could pose risks of fire, explosion, or oxidising dangers.
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